The spread of genetically modified (GM) crops has profoundly transformed agriculture in major countries over the past few decades, but the true extent of their environmental impacts remains largely mysterious.
A new study published in Science on August 30, 2024, takes a closer look at common genetic modifications in four major crops: soybeans, corn, cotton, and canola. While genetically modified crops can lead to increased yields and profits, they can also unintentionally lead to changes in agricultural practices that can have far-reaching environmental impacts. For example, farmers may increase their use of pesticides if crops become resistant to herbicides or pests.
“Increased land productivity in the form of higher crop yields can improve overall farm profitability and encourage agricultural expansion,” explains co-author Eduardo Souza Rodriguez, associate professor and associate dean in the Department of Economics at the University of Toronto Mississauga. “But increased supply can also lower crop prices and reduce conversion of land to agriculture elsewhere. These changes can lead to deforestation, pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and impacts on human health and biodiversity.”
“Although there has been progress in understanding the environmental impacts of genetically modified crops, there are still many uncertainties that need to be studied to support appropriate environmentally friendly agricultural practices,” Souza Rodrigues continued.
The study highlights the vital need for further research to comprehensively understand the lasting impacts of genetically modified crops on large-scale agricultural practices and resistant pests.
It highlights the importance of obtaining more detailed environmental data, especially on wildlife, effectively assessing their impacts, and developing agricultural techniques that actively promote sustainable agriculture.
Journal References:
Frederik Noack et al., “Environmental Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops,” Science, 2024, DOI: 10.1126/science.ado9340
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